Effects of free-flight activities on wildlife: a poorly understood issue in conservation
نویسندگان
چکیده
Summary Recreational activities may have negative effects on wildlife, but there are very few studies specifically the of free-flight (i.e., hang-gliders, paragliders and their powered derivatives) wildlife. We review existing scientific this issue in order to identify gaps knowledge at taxonomic-group level develop guidelines minimize impacts recreational found that mainly concerned four ungulate species (chamois, red deer, roe deer Alpine ibex) and, a lesser extent, raptors such as golden eagle two vulture (bearded cinereous vulture). The generally been carried out high mountain areas (e.g., European Alps). Data show create disturbances resulting increased energy expenditure, reduction feeding time, abandonment areas, reduced breeding output, loss body condition, predation risk harm from flight accidents. However, lack many along with small number long-term studies, prevents proper assessment current situation regarding impact activity provide recommendations improve regulation activity.
منابع مشابه
the effects of cooperative versus individual directed reading thinking activities on students inferential and referential questions
two groups of students were assigned as experimental and control ones, and were given instruction on directed reading-thinking activities and after some treatment, they were post-tested. although the initial pre-test did not show any significant differences, the final post-test result revealed that the cooperative reading comprehension helped the experimental group. the cooperative students’...
15 صفحه اولThrombosis – Besieged but Poorly Understood
In biology, thrombosis is a mechanism of maintaining the integrity of biological surfaces in higher mammals, limiting fluid loss, and facilitating the recognition, containment, and destruction of pathogens and foreign materials by a scaffold of fibrin and DNA strands. However, thrombosis may also lead to vascular occlusion and subsequent tissue damage. In medicine, thrombosis is a hallmark of l...
متن کاملNephrogenic ascites: a poorly understood syndrome.
Nephrogenic ascites is a condition characterized by the presence of massive ascites in a patient with ESRD. Neither the exact cause nor the pathogenesis of ascites formation is clearly understood. Patients frequently present with hypertension, moderate to massive ascites, minimal extremity edema, cachexia, and a history of dialysis-associated hypotension. The ascitic fluid is typically an exuda...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Environmental Conservation
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0376-8929', '1469-4387']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0376892921000412